Introduction to Conditions

In real life, we constantly make decisions based on various conditions:

• If it's raining, I'll take an umbrella
• If it's warm outside, I'll go in a t-shirt
• When I'm hungry, I'll get something to eat

Similarly, in programming we need the program to make decisions and change its behavior according to different situations. This is where conditions come in.

In C++ we use conditions with the if statement:

int age = 18;

if (age >= 18) {
    std::cout << "You are an adult" << std::endl;
}

Basic structure of a condition:

• if - keyword introducing the condition
• (condition) - expression that evaluates to true or false
• {} - block of code that executes if the condition is true

Here are some ways to use conditions:

• Checking user's age
• Verifying password correctness
• Checking if a number is positive or negative
• Finding out if a user has enough money in their account
• And many other decisions in a program