Logical Operators

Often we need to combine multiple different requirements in conditions. This is what logical operators are for:

• && - logical AND (and at the same time)
• || - logical OR (or)

The && (AND) operator:

int age = 20;
bool hasLicense = true;

// Both conditions must be true
if (age >= 18 && hasLicense) {
    std::cout << "Can drive a car" << std::endl;
}

The || (OR) operator:

std::string day = "friday";
std::string weather = "rain";

// At least one condition needs to be true
if (day == "friday" || weather == "sunny") {
    std::cout << "Going outside" << std::endl;
}

We can combine multiple operators:

int age = 25;
bool hasLicense = true;
bool hasCar = false;

// Must be adult AND have license AND (own car OR have borrowed car)
if (age >= 18 && hasLicense && (hasCar || hasBorrowedCar)) {
    std::cout << "Can go on a trip" << std::endl;
}

For better readability, we can split complex conditions into multiple variables:

bool isAdult = (age >= 18);
bool hasPermission = (hasLicense && hasExperience);
bool hasTransport = (hasCar || hasBorrowedCar);

if (isAdult && hasPermission && hasTransport) {
    std::cout << "Can go on a trip" << std::endl;
}