Vectors Recap

In this chapter, we learned how to work with vectors in C++. We found out that:

• We can create a vector using curly braces {} and elements separated by commas. For example: std::vector list = {1, 2, 3, 3};
• We access vector elements using their indices, which start at 0. For example: std::cout << list[0]; prints the first element of the vector list.
• For safer access to elements, we can use the at() method. For example: list.at(0).
• We can easily change vector elements using their indices. For example: list[3] = 4; sets the fourth element of the vector list to the value 4.
• Using the push_back() method, we can add new elements to the end of the vector. For example: list.push_back(5) adds the value 5 to the end of the vector.
• Using the size() method, we can find out the number of elements in the vector. For example: size = list.size() stores the number of elements in the vector list into the variable size.
• Vectors can contain other vectors as their elements, which allows us to create nested vectors. For example: std::vector<std::vector<int>> nestedArray = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}.
• Text strings (std::string) can also be considered as character arrays, which we can access using their indices. For example: std::string text = "Programming"; and char firstChar = text[0]; stores the first character 'P' into the variable firstChar.

Congratulations on completing the lesson about vectors! In the next lesson, we'll look at loops and their use in C++. Get ready for the next step in your programming adventure!